The Cost Of College Tuition - 1253 Words

There are many students cannot go to college because of the cost of college tuition. Some students work hard at the fast food places, restaurant to pay off their tuition. The government of the United State gives the opportunities for the young Americans that if they participate in national service to the country, they will be able to exchange for free colleges or technical school tuition. The government also gives students many options such as working at an urban library for library major; working in a homeless shelter for social work major; working in the juvenile justice system or prisons for criminal justice majors; working in hospitals for pre-med students and nursing majors. Young Americans should participate in national services in†¦show more content†¦Students who want to attend in this program, they must complete at least 8 hours of community services by August 1, 2015 (Ung, 15). There is many students excited about this program and they want to join because of the p romise that the college tuition will be cover and also students want to gain their experiences and be prepare for their college. There are also many program such as Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) and Dream Act for non-resident students that helps college’s tuition and encourage to participate in national service (Ung, 35). The second reason is that participate in national services help the young students develop the skills and improve the communication in social life. For example, there is a student that only go to school and doesn’t participate on any community services and national services then after they graduate from college and start to work at field environment, that student is lack of skills and have no experiences at all. It is going to be hard for he/she to find a job. Moreover, student will having hard time at first to get use to the flow of the pressure. This student will fall behind students that participate in community services before and they know what they’ve been doing. This lead to failure for student doesn’t participate in national services. The nation service is a really good trade for students that can’t afford college or higher education as medication school, veterinaryShow MoreRelatedThe Cost Of College Tuition1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe cost of co llege tuition is increasing exponentially ever year. Students have to pay for a number of things besides the tuition for inference books, dorms, fees, tutor, etc on top of their everyday living expenses. At this rate college tuition will be far beyond the reach for the average person. The inflation raises numerous of questions. If the recession is not getting better why do schools continue to increase tuition? What can be done so that the college tuition won’t be so far out of reachRead MoreThe Cost Of College Tuition925 Words   |  4 PagesCost of College Tuition College tuition is very expensive and many people are unable to attend due to the overall cost of tuition, books, room and board. The high price of a college education is unfair to the bright students who have limited resources. These students are at a disadvantage because of lack of funds. The United States should find a way to provide free tuition to all students who want an education. In our lives today, not everyone can financially afford to attend a four year universityRead MoreRaising The Cost Of College Tuition1460 Words   |  6 PagesIncreasing College Tuition By: Amanda Beisner Specific Purpose Statement: To encourage my audience to consider multiple perspectives by providing my audience with information on the arguments for and against raising the cost of college tuition. Thesis: Thousands of colleges across the country have steadily increased tuition throughout the years and Colorado State University is no different. Today I will share with you both the perspective of those that believe tuition increases are necessary andRead MoreCollege Tuition : Costly College Costs1771 Words   |  8 PagesCostly College Costs College tuition is an expensive entity to pay for and not many people have the luxury of having college being completely paid for, however, so many people that have previous experience like teachers, counselors, and parents, want students to pursue this expensive entity so their future is brighter. Why is being a college student becoming a luxury that fewer people can afford and attend to? Factors like the actual cost for college tuition, costs for higher education, the workingRead MoreThe Rising Cost Of College Tuition976 Words   |  4 Pagesyears, the soaring cost of college tuition has angered many students and parents, leaving many wondering where they will come up with the funds to pay. While college is still a pretty sound investment for most career paths, the cost of an education has outpaced general inflation by almost double, leaving many families simply unable to shoulder the fiscal burden without incurring large amounts of debt. How did we get to where we are today? A big part of it has to do with how colleges themselves haveRead MoreIncreasing Tuition Costs For College1624 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Increasing Tuition Costs College degrees are becoming ever more a standard in my industries, just to get into the door with certain companies. Even when degrees might not be required to get a decent job, marketing can take over and make you think that you need to get a college degree or you won’t land that dream job. Brill states that on the average, we are continually reminded, the earnings of college graduates are substantially higher than those who have obtained no more than a high schoolRead MoreCollege Tuition Cost On A Rise Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesCollege Tuition Cost on a Rise The rising cost of education in Texas colleges started in 2003 when the deregulation was lifted. Then, soon after, the Texas State legislature cut the education budget because of a drop in the economy in 2008. The cut in funding and the removal of the deregulation law allowed colleges across Texas a way to recoup lost resources by raising the cost of tuition. The raising cost of tuition has limited the amount of attending students from graduating in the expected timeRead MoreThe Cost of College Tuition Essay1517 Words   |  7 PagesFinal The Cost of College Tuition The cost of college is very high compared to how the economy has been and how wages and financial aid have not risen with the cost of tuition. This makes it harder for students to graduate and brings a lot of stress to their lives. Without the funding that is needed many students drop out or take a longer time finishing their degree. Going to college is stressful enough without the need to worry about how you’re going to pay for it and what other costs will continueRead MoreThe Rising Cost Of College Tuition855 Words   |  4 Pagesrising cost of education and living. The cost of college tuition makes it even harder for them to achieve financial assistance. The amount of student loans debt in America is roughly around one point eight trillion dollars. Factors like the minimum wage also make it harder for young adults to be able to sustain themselves and go to school, because if they cannot pay for school then they are not going to attend school. Employment earnings are also discouraging students from attending college. In theRead MoreRising Cost Of College Tuition2509 Words   |  11 PagesPower, Privilege Rising Cost of College Tuition in the U.S The increasing cost of higher education in the United States has been a continuing topic for debate in recent decades. American society emphasizes the importance of education after high school, yet the cost of higher education and advanced degrees continually rises at a greater rate than inflation in the 1970’s. According to the Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance, cost factors prevent 48% of college-qualified high school graduates

The Pros And Cons Of Foreign Conflicts - 1233 Words

Financial backers play a role in enabling the shameless, but for those conducting abusive military campaigns in Syria, South Sudan, or Yemen, arms suppliers remain among their most important enablers. Although not impossible, it is much more difficult to continue to commit abuses on a large scale without the influx of new weapons and ammunition, either from abroad or through domestic production. Many human rights groups’ mandates do not extend to stopping wars, which conflicts with a policy of neutrality in all armed conflicts. Instead, advocates push for hostilities, when they occur, to be conducted according to international humanitarian law. Nonetheless, in places like Syria, rights advocates have argued the UN Security Council to†¦show more content†¦In June 2016, the UN peacekeeping mission in the Central African Republic decided to stop accepting Burundian police due to concerns about â€Å"serious and ongoing† human rights violations by police back in Burundi. The Burundian government, like many developing countries, benefits from the salaries paid to their troops and participating in UN missions. In November 2016, the US State Department suspended a planned sale of 26,000 assault rifles to Duterte’s Philippines following an objection raised by US Senator Ben Cardin about Duterte’s abusive â€Å"war on drugs.† Since 2012, human rights groups have pointed to the role of Russia’s state-owned arms dealer, Rosoboronexport, in selling the Syrian government weapons and urged responsible governments and corporate actors to avoid all new business dealings with the company. Campaigners have also asked arms fairs in Paris and London to stop featuring Rosoboronexport as an exhibitor. Human rights groups have also directly challenged UK-based BAE Systems and the US-based Boeing and General Dynamics for their role in supplying Saudi Arabia with weapons that enable abuses in Yemen. BAE is currently engaged in discussions around a possible five-year contract to supply Saudi Arabia with Eurofighter Typhoon combat aircraft. The recent arms saleShow MoreRelatedBaker Hughes: Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Study Questions1020 Words   |  5 Pagessimilar payments have a negative impact. Such corruption, although appearing to provide short term growth, will not turn into long term growth. Corruption reduces the efficiencies of the operations of the market economy and a loss of direct foreign investment in countries where participation in corruption is how business is done. Politicians and government officials worldwide receive bribes valued between $20 billion and $40 billion annually. Companies that participate in bribing can faceRead MoreInternational Energy Resources And Prices1259 Words   |  6 Pagesyou believe to be the most important few pros and cons of expanding natural gas production through hydraulic fracturing? Expanding natural gas production will have consequences on the environment. Starting with, it is admitted that hydraulic fracturing enables a decrease in coal burning compensated by a higher quantity of gas. By that, the major pro will be a cleaner air and better quality, reducing the number of deaths caused by poor quality air. The con of fracking for health problems is that airRead MoreEssay about Appraise the Pros and Cons of Cosmpolitanism1454 Words   |  6 Pages10024634 Appraise the Pros and Cons of Cosmopolitanism Cosmopolitanism is the term to illustrate a theoretical belief of how some think the world should be, where interstate boundaries are abolished and citizens become part of a global body. It is derived from the ancient Greek, kosmopolites, usually translated as ‘citizen of the world’. Cosmopolitanism takes different stand-points throughout the fields of sociology, politics and philosophy. Gerand Delanty splits the concept into four main categories:Read MoreTexana Petroleum Corporation1338 Words   |  6 PagesConflict in Organizations Texana Petroleum Corporation Background The Texana Petroleum Corporation is a multi-million dollar company and major producer and marketer of petroleum products located in the southwest United States. Texana has five product divisions: Petroleum Products Division, Polymer and Chemicals Division, Molded Products Division, Packaging Products Division and Building Products Division. The President and Chief Executive Officer, Roger Holmes retired in 1993 and was replacedRead MoreBudget and Budgeting Techniques1153 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Answer- 1: Answer- 1 India was a closed economy in the beginning. Policy banning imports. The Liberalization of India’s Government in 1991. New Industrial Policy. Strict policies regarding the entry of foreign brands. Trade rules regulations simplified. Foreign investment increased. Pepsi enters in 1986. Coca-Cola follows in 1993. Contd †¦ Slide 14: Unlawful to market under their Western name in India Pepsi became â€Å"Lehar Pepsi†. Coca-Cola merged with Parle and became â€Å"Coca-Cola India†. DifferentRead MoreEssay about Rise of Professionalism in Sports985 Words   |  4 PagesEvents, like the Olympics, SEA games, World Cup, etc. are held for countries to compete against each other in sports. Countries take special effort and capital to groom their own sportsmen to compete worldwide, but other countries prefer to recruit foreign talents instead. As for our country, our government did not care much in our involvement in the sporting arena in the past. Academic results were the most important. However, in recent years, we have produced star players, like Remy Ong, who did ourRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Women Serving During Combat Roles893 Words   |  4 Pages The Pros and Cons of Women Serving in Combat Roles A number of arguments have been raised in defense of a military policy that bans women from serving in combat roles. Pros argues that women should be allowed to serve in combat roles in the Armed Forces. Cons argues that women should not serve in combat roles because they would not be as effective in combat as their counterparts. 1. Cons of women serving in combat roles in the armed forces. A. Physical Ability – Some jobs in theRead MoreEssay about Jabwood International881 Words   |  4 Pagespotential for wood products have increased every year due to the population. The company depends on one major Supplier, which constituted 60 to 70 percent of its revenue source. Managers are under tremendous Pressure to meet sales quotas and avoid any conflict with TANITA because it generates most of Jabwoods revenue. Jabwood has no succession plan incorporated and discussion for it is considered Taboo. Finally managerial positions were only extended to family members only, which shows favoritism toRead MoreMagnet School Essay702 Words   |  3 Pagesseriously. I logically broke down the pros a d cons of each student based on the data. 2. How did you manage (or did not manage) conflict? Specifics? We were able to manage conflicts we had through persuasion and discussion. We agreed beforehand that this was a simple friendly argument and was not to be taking personal. The main goal is to come to a consensus together on why or why not each student should be allowed entry. We each raised the pros and cons of each student and had equal opportunityRead MoreJohn Johnson s American Idealism And Realpolitik Critique885 Words   |  4 PagesIn Paul Johnson’s â€Å"American Idealism and Realpolitik Critique† about American involvement in political battles in foreign countries, he brings forth the idea that the American government plays a vital role when it comes to mediating and facilitating conflict. Their importance can often be overshadowed by some opinions that the government, specifically the army, has over stepped its boundaries by intruding on countries and excessively becoming involved in hostility. Johnson notes that without American

Corporate Social Responsibility and Western Philosophy - Sample

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility and Western Philosophy. Answer: Introduction There are various guidelines and principles followed by a business corporation and companies. These guidelines are mainly based on the human behaviour and nature. Therefore the field of business ethics deals with the problems which arise in the business environment. It can be said that morality and ethical theory are not synonymous. Morality is about the principles or rules which decided whether people are right or wrong. Ethical theory mainly gives guidelines which justifies an action which can be consider as right or wrong during settling down the conflicts between the individuals. This report mainly deals with the theories related to utilitarianism and Kantian deontology and others something connected to justice and relativism theory. . It also contains an incident which portrays the real life ethical problems. Finally there is evaluation of the future plans of the business professionals which has a positive or negative impact in the society. Ethical Theories in Western Philosophy and Business Ethics The utilitarian theory always emphasis upon that action considered as good or bad which is founded on the consequence of the action and its impact on large number of human being. The inaugurator of this type of theory is Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill (Paquette et al., 2015). Therefore, it can be said that utilitarianism is the principles of particular activities is assessed on ethical ground pillared on a bunch of decorum that can be beneficial to maximum number of people. Utilitarian is mainly focused on the instrument of cost benefit analysis and risk assessment in the organizations and office mainly adapting right decisions at the right time. This type of principles in office or organization is applied because if the manager or the leaders do things, which are based on the interest of the customers and the employees, then at last the company will be benefitted. Kantian deontology puts emphasis on the action which is regarded to be virtuous if the principles are considered as the universallaw and acceptable to everyone (Blay et al., 2016) . A philosopher Immanuel Kant who stayed in Germany initially introduces this. He supported that ethicsshould accompany a bunch of guidelines and principles. Kantianism also stresses on respecting each individual with dignity. No person should be utilized for any benefit .This denotes the fact that each person is compelled to perform their responsibilities to in order to scrutinize the fact that their actions are principally right or not (Dierksmeier,2013). It can be said there are controversy on Kantian deontology mainly for the shallowness and insufficiency of this theory to handle varieties of virtuous issues such as there is no existence of proper support or outcome when the limitation of the rights and duties are passed over. Another western ethical theory is Justice. This theory is considered as the eminence of gaining equal and just behaviour. According to Nozick, every individual has the authority as wells as righteous to own property if is acquired in a just way without snatching the rights of the other people. A person who believes in free will or libertarianism in the world of economy and government always supports the idea of free market, which is no more inspired by government policies or public services. When an company or organization or individual is charged by the government mainly due to their assets that is obtained without any cheating, in liberalism believers in business considers this action to be not justified even if the money is donated to public schools, hospitals, jails or fire departments . Hence it can be said that this type of western thoughts always denotes absolute power. For example, this type of thought is not at all beneficial to the people because if a country exports all it s grain products to another country so that they can achieve better revenue and do not pay any heed about the starvation experienced by its people, then it reflects the narrowness of this philosophy. It can be also related to a company in which the employee or organization always thinks about that he or she has the full right to do anything then it is very much harmful for the employees or the customers. Rawls theory of justice is also known as Justice as Fairness (Singer, 2015). There are two main principles in this theory. The first principle is mainly about each individual of having equal rights to a proper distribution of social goods such as education; food and housing .The second principle mainly put emphasis on the fact that is there is social and economic inequalities then the deprived persons should be considered at first. Therefore, indifferent from Nozicks libertarianism, Rawl theory always believes in the redistribution of wealth and taxes to those specifically those who are not economically sound. The right theory mainly puts emphasis that human rights should be free from the manipulation of other factors. Human right is the fundamental rights of a person, which is obtained, by a person by his or her birth. There are mainly two types of human rights; positive and negative rights. Positive rights are the moral value, which stress the people to do his or her duty. On the other hand, negative rights are the honest principles imposed on people to eradicate them from interrupting with other people independence. One of the major arguments concerning to the rights theory is the deficiency supervising which enables to evaluate which right is more valuable than the other. Thus for this reason it can be said that in a office or organization there is a leader or a manager to coordinate the organization. Business ethical values can be expanded and defined as Corporate Social Responsibility. CSR can be defined as a system ofcorporate self-regulation inclusive into abusiness model. CSR policy functions as a self-functional instrument on the other hand a business supervises and resembles its duty with the spirit of the law, ethical theories and national or internationalnorms and values. A real life incident of Ethical Issues TheBento Rodriguez dam disaster occurred on 5th November 2015 (Agurto?Detzel et al., 2016). It is mainly about the dam failure. An iron ore tailings dam in Bento Rodriguez a sub district of Mariana faced dam failure. This failure caused the death of 17 persons, moreover 16 people were injured. According to biologist and ecologist Andrew Ruschi, who studies marine biology at the Estacao Biologia Marinha Augusto Ruschi in Santa Cruz,Esprito Santo, the waste of the iron ore would take at least decades to dilute the levels in anyplace near previous levels. On 9 November, the city of Governador Valadares eradicated the intake of water because the mud on the Rio Doce. The next day, a State of Public Calamity was declared mainly for the scarcity of the water in the city (Teixeira et al., 2015). On 22 November, the waste of this dam reached theAtlantic Ocean.The toxic mud has spread across the Esprito Santo coast, where the cities shut down the accessibility of the sea beach (Lodge, 2015). According to the Environmentalists, it has a huge impact in Abrolhos Marine National Parkwildlife. The park is regarded as the vital importance to the Brazilianecosystemsince its beginning (Knox, 2015). Samarco Minerao SA, the Brazilian mining company supervised this dam and Santarm dams are part of the Germanominewhich is established in the district of Santa Rita Duro, a municipality ofMariana. Thetailings damswere mainly constructed to gather the waste which comes from the extraction of iron ore extracted from extensive mines in the region. It is revealed in January 2016 those 14 months before the incident the Samarco had been warned that there was a possibility of the dam collapses. The engineer of this dam was hired part-time as a consultant to inspect the dam. Atechnical reportof this engineer from September 2014 reflected that severe structural problems on the dam (Fonseca vila Filho,2016). Hence it can be said that it was the irresponsibility of the two companies who did not take the problem seriously. Rather they claimed that they were not seriously warned about this problem. They also accepted the fact that it occurred due to the technical faults of the designer of the dam (Hooshyaripor Tahershamsi, 2015). TheMinas Geraisgovernment suspendedSamarco's work quickly after the occurrence of the horrible incident. The Brazilian government charged extra amount of money SamarcoR$250 million(US$66.3million) for the incident. In January 2016, the Brazilian government and Samarco came to a compromise in a charge ofR$20 billion(US$4.8 billion). But the money does not integrated compensation to people who faced the incident. The penalty does not include the cost of recovering the polluted area. Critical Reflection on the Role of the Business Professionals It can be observed from the above incident that the disaster occurred mainly due to the irresponsibility of the corporate persons. They only focused on their own benefits. They did not focus on the well being of the people. Thus, in this context Corporate Social Responsibility based on business ethics can be applied to the organizations. CSR is mainly designated to help the organization to fulfill its mission as well as serve as a guide to what the company represents for its consumers (Bhaduri Selarka, 2016).Business ethicsis the part ofapplied ethicsthat examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that can emerge in the environment of a organization. (Hoffman, Frederick Schwartz eds., 2014). The laws of the Corporate Social Responsibility can be linked to the theories of liberalism, utilitarianism and Kantian ideologies. The good-will of the Kantian ideology means the act of asense of moral obligationor duty (Bowie, 2017). According to Kant moral action is not that in which the person does the good things out of his or her wish, but that person does the good things out of obligation or duty. Hence, it can be considered that that this theory can be included in business ethics because if the Brazilian company and Germano mine has behaved with this ideology then such disaster has not happened. This theory must be integrated into Corporate Social Responsibility (Shaw Shaw, 2014). The negative aspect of this good-will ideology is that in particular cases this moral binding becomes a burden to someone (Koehn, 2014). For example a manager or leader of a company has also to think about the benefits of the company along with the obligation of the duties towards its customers and employees. The universal law designated that any principle which can be "universalized" is one which is applicable to all person without any variation (Yazdani Murad 2015) . Thus Kant's ethics depends on giving some meaning to what it is to act "inconsistently." The core idea of the Categorical Imperative is to eliminate any act of principles which would clearly denote the outrageouslyimmoralconduct. This rule is applicable in a company or organization to maintain a proper code of conduct and norms equally to all the members. Whereas some rules or principles cannot be universalized in some office or organization if the code of conduct goes negatively affects the employees or the customers. It has to be flexible. Even this is same in individual life. Conclusion Finally, it can be concluded that there must be a business ethics in a company or a organization which is a part of Corporate Social Responsibility. The Kantian viewpoint has positive aspects as well as the negative aspects. It depends on the business organization that whether they will apply the theory in positive or negative way. Thus, the Brazilian mines and the Germano mine should rectify their policies based on these theories in positive aspects if they do not want to hamper the References Agurto?Detzel, H., Bianchi, M., Assumpo, M., Schimmel, M., Collao, B., Ciardelli, C., ... Calhau, J. (2016). The tailings dam failure of 5 November 2015 in SE Brazil and its preceding seismic sequence.Geophysical Research Letters,43(10), 4929-4936. Bhaduri, S. N., Selarka, E. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility Around the WorldAn Overview of Theoretical Framework, and Evolution. InCorporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility of Indian Companies(pp. 11-32). Springer Singapore. Blay, A.D., Gooden, E.S., Mellon, M.J. Stevens, D.E. ( 2016). The Usefulness of Social Norm Theory in Empirical Business Ethics Research : A Review and Suggestions for Future Research. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-16. Bowie, N.E., ( 2017). Business ethics : A Kantian perspective. Cambridge University Press, 2017. Dierksmeier, C. (2013). Kant on virtue .Journal of Business Ethics, 113, no. 4 ( 2013) : 597-609. Fonseca, M. N. E., vila Filho, S. (2016). Assessment of an accident using FMEA to a tailings dam, a mining event in Brazil.Risk, Reliability and Safety: Innovating Theory and Practice: Proceedings of ESREL 2016 (Glasgow, Scotland, 25-29 September 2016), 223. Hoffman, W. M., Frederick, R. E., Schwartz, M. S. (Eds.). (2014).Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Hooshyaripor, F., Tahershamsi, A. (2015). Effect of reservoir side slopes on dam-break flood waves.Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics,9(1), 458-468. Knox, J. H. (2015). Environmental Disasters and Human Rights. Koehn, D. ( 2014). Kantian Virtue Ethics in the Context of Business : How Practically Useful Can it be? Business Ethical Journal Review, 2(3), 15-21. Lodge, M. (2015). An environmental disaster in Brazil raises highly problematic risk and regulation issues.LSE Business Review. Paquette, M., Sommerfeldt, E. J., Kent, M.L. ( 2015). Do the ends justify the means ? Dialogue, development , and communication, and deontological ethics. Public Relations Review.41 (1), 30-39. Shaw, J. J., Shaw, H. J. (2014). A Philosophical Foundation for Corporate Social Responsibility: Lessons from Kants Transcendental Idealism as an Exercise in Life Against Kelsens Formalistic Legal Theory as an Exercise in Logic. InEthics, Governance and Corporate Crime: Challenges and Consequences(pp. 177-212). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Singer, A. ( 2015). There is no Rawlison theory of corporate governanace. Business Ethics Quarterly 25, no.01 ( 2015) : 65-92. Teixeira, L. E., Caux, J., Beluco, A., Bertoldo, I., Louzada, J. A. S., Eifler, R. C. (2015). Feasibility Study of a Hydro PV Hybrid System Operating at a Dam for Water Supply in Southern Brazil.Journal of Power and Energy Engineering,3(09), 70. Yazdani , N., Murad, H.S. ( 2015). Toward an ethical theory of organization. Journal of Business Ethics 127, no.2 ( 2015) :399-417.

The Stranger by Albert Camus Essay free essay sample

If people were to accept that absurdism exists then that would mean that life is irrational and has no arrangements of any sort. This would mean that everything mankind has done so far to progress itself through society and religion means absolutely nothing because both are used to control chaos from happening in the first place. Consequently, if a person is known to be an absurdist, people would generally think that means someone who lives a life without any meaning. However, this is not true because a life can be lived out rationally or irrationally and be meaningful at the same time because it is a choice. The Stranger, written by Albert Camus, takes place in Algeria in the mid 1940s. Around this time period, the French had colonized this area and considered themselves to be superior to the Arabs. Though this story does show the racism that the French projects onto the Arabs, Camus also uses this book to teach readers the idea of what can be meaningful to the lives of humans as well as how the philosophy of absurdity fits into it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stranger by Albert Camus Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Absurdity basically means that the world is so full of nonsense that it is almost impossible to find any sort of meaning in life so therefore everything is meaningless. Camus use this as his own philosophy to understand why the world is the way it is. He then applied this notion in his book called The Stranger as a medium to explore this very idea because if there were to be absolutely no logic, no rationality, or any type of structure in the existence of the human race then everything is simply insignificant. The antagonist in this allegory is named Meursault, who is sent to trial after he shoots an Arab. Camus tells this story to map out and explain his philosophy on â€Å"the absurd† through Meursault experience from ignorance to self-acknowledgment of the world the antagonist lives in. Although he is sent to trial for the murder of the Arab man, Meursault, in actuality, is being tried because of his lack of emotions and his ultimate rejection of God. As a result, Meursault is forced to finally analyze for himself as well as to question and to conclude about how he is the way he is and what he can do to make his life meaningful. Meursault shows himself to be a nonconformist in such that he does not abide the proper social conduct in the society he lives in. He is unfairly judged by society because he exhibits no emotions of any kind at his mothers funeral. In a community where the principle belief that emotional displays are the necessary and correct response to traumatic events such as in Meursaults case (his mothers death) means that there is a standard that is applied to all people. But because the protagonist is shown to be a rebel he does not obey the expected behavior of mourning that society wants him to show. Society asks â€Å"has [Meursault] uttered a word of regret for his most odious crimes? Not one word, gentlemen. Not once in the course of these proceedings did this man show the least contrition (Camus 126). Meursault finally understands that he is in a paradoxical situation where he is judged for showing the lack of feelings rather than his murdering of the Arab man. In the courtroom, the jury represents society’s ethics in which Meursault is being judge while the spectators in the courtroom represent society who are there to pass views on him. He eventually is put on the death penalty because of his nonconformist attitude. Another example that shows the protagonist to be a social misfit is that Meursault believes all men are equal in a sense that no one can ever escape death even if they were a Christian or not. He explains that â€Å"every man alive was privileged; there [are] only one class of men, the privileged class. All alike would be condemn to die one day; his turn, too, would come like the others (Camus 152). † He even goes on to say that Old Salamano’s dog was worth just as much as Old Salamanos wife in view of the fact that like all humans, dogs will eventually die as well. So the life of a human can’t be more special than that of a dog since both organisms are made equal by death. The protagonist is an absolute rebel because he is passive, detached, and emotionless but because of it he can understand how society works. Though Meursault recognizes that religion was made by man in an attempt to create meaning to an existence he does not believe that God can help any individual escape death because everyone will eventually die. To accept Christianity would mean the possibility of going to Heaven thus escaping death. This is a belief held by people so that they could have a sense of significance. Meursault provokes this idea and clearly says out loud that he does not believe in God. When the magistrate ask Meursault â€Å"if [he] believed in God. [Meursault] said no. [Magistrate said] all men believed in God, even hose who rejects him [ ] if ever he came to doubt it, his life would lose all meaning. Do you wish my life to have no meaning(Camus 86)? † The magistrate places the meaning of his existence on his faith in God while Meursault rejects that idea that the rest of society seems to be accepting and dismisses it. Meursault challenges religion even before his own death by denouncing God and as a backlash, Meursault is made to be a hardened criminal. When he is visited by the chaplain, Meursault suddenly has an epiphany and â€Å"told him not to waste[ ] his prayers on [him]. Meursault] wasn’t even sure [the chaplain]was alive, because he was living like a dead man [†¦]. Actually, I was so sure of myself, far surer then he; sure of my present life and of the death that was coming [†¦] but at least that certainty was something I could at least get my teeth into-just as it had got its teeth into me (Camus 151). † Because the chaplain uses religion to get a ticket into the afterlife, Meursault says â€Å"he was living like a dead man. † The protagonist lives his life in the present and he does not care about the so-called a â€Å"after-life. This is where Meursault finally begins to transform from a passive person into someone who forms their own opinions. Meursault regards life and death simply because if everyone’s going to die, God shouldn’t matter anyway. Meursault is content being a spectator in life and is aware that he does exist, however he does not know if everyone else exists as well and in account of that he forces himself to be isolated and detached from society since he does not know how to handle emotions. In the beginning Meursault feels no personal guilt for killing the Arab yet he somehow knows that he has done something wrong within himself. When Meursault killed the Arab he â€Å"fired four shots more into the inert body [†¦] and each successive shot was another loud, faithful rap on the door of my undoing (Camus 76). † Even after the Arab was long dead, Meursault still shoots the gun four more times and he never stops himself. When questioned for the killing, Meursault takes the blame for the shooting the four bullets but not for the very first one because â€Å"the trigger gave. † This behavior is only capable of someone who is detached from society. When he goes to jail, the protagonist seems to come off as a free being rather than outside of it. Even though he is lacking in emotions and he lives in a prison, Meursault is free from societal oppression. With all the questioning he receives from the jury as well as his own lawyer, he is force to think for himself why society the way it does and how does religion goes into it. Meursault says in his final thoughts before being executed that in order â€Å" for [him] to feel less lonely, all that remained to hope was that on the day of [his] execution there should be a huge crowd of spectators and that hey should greet [him] with howls of execration (Camus 154). Meursault now makes his own pathway by making his own choices on how to look at life and what is meaningful to him in it. He finally accepts that life itself lacks rationality and meaning anyway and does not need any form of order to find meaning. An interesting thing to note is that Meursault sees his execution as his graduation ceremony of his new acquired philosophy (which would be his diploma). The main point is not for Meursault to feel less alone but it’s that he can choose whether or not he wants to be. Meursault is aware of this ability, and that this is what defines his revelation. Society believes Meursault to be immoral because of his detachment and he is put on trial more for his abnormal characteristics than his crime. Camus use of writing about an existentialist allegory shows Meursault’s journey of becoming enlighten. Although at first, Meursault uses his isolation to live a simple life because it is the path of least resistance he also uses his detachment from society to finally understands that he has the ability to make his own choices.

Transcendentalist Movement Essays - Transcendentalism, Lecturers

Transcendentalist Movement Transcendentalism was a literary movement in the first half of the 19th century. The philosophical theory contained such aspects as self-examination, the celebration of individualism, and the belief that the fundamental truths existed outside of human experience. Fulfillment of this search for knowledge came when one gained an acute awareness of beauty and truth, and communicated with nature to find union with the Over-Soul. When this occurred, one was cleansed of materialistic aims, and was left with a sense of self-reliance and purity. Two authors who were among the leaders of the movement were Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, whose works "Nature", "Self-Reliance", and "Walden" brought America to the forefront of the transcendentalist movement. Their ideas opposed the popular materialist views of life and voiced a desire for freedom of the individual from artificial restraints. They felt that if they explored nature thoroughly, they would come to know themselves and the universal truths better. The concept of transcendentalism is clearly expressed in the essay "Nature", by Ralph Waldo Emerson. Emerson was a leader in the movement of transcendentalism and the first American author to influence European thought. His essay "Nature" tells of how one can gain insight and spiritual cleansing simply from experiencing nature. Emerson tells of how "in the woods is perpetual youth" and "in the woods we return to reason and faith." These lines exemplify the very ideals of transcendentalism. They show the deep roots a person has in nature and how one can receive knowledge of their Over-Soul by honestly enjoying the outdoors and freeing oneself of previous evils. In the following lines, Emerson remarks: "Standing on the bare ground- my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinite space- all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eyeball: I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or parcel of God." These lines display the transcendentalist belief that purity and knowledge can be obtained from a union with and understanding of nature. Emerson also relates the concept of transcendentalism to human life in his essay, "Self-Reliance." In this aptly named essay, Emerson grapples with another part of transcendentalism, the issue of "self-reliance." He sees mankind as somewhat of a coward; that people never express their true selves. Emerson claims that humans are afraid to fail; they are pleased if successful, but are never happy with where and what they are. He expresses transcendentalist ideals by saying that a true person would be a non-conformist. Emerson puts this belief into words in the following lines: "There is a time in every mans education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide; that he must take himself for better, for worse, as his portion.no kernel of nourishing corn can come to him but through his toil." These words are the epitome of the ideals of transcendentalism- that one must celebrate the individual in order to find himself one with the universe. Another significant glimpse into the core ideals of transcendentalism was made by the distinguished author Henry David Thoreau. Thoreau lived in the home of essayist and philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson. His most honored and enjoyed work was the story, "Walden", which gives a forthright statement of his reasons for embracing a contemplative and decidedly transcendentalist life living on the shore of Walden Pond. In "Walden", Thoreau explains why he chose the woods: "I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary." Thoreau himself was quoted as saying, "In wilderness is the preservation of the world." In "Walden", the author describes the cardinal importance of nature in ones search of their soul. Thoreau chose to live in seclusion because he believed solitude was the best companion in order to know ones own self. In the essay, he felt that mankind cared too deeply for material possessions; "simplify!" he implored. Thoreau claimed that humans were "ruined by luxury and heedless expense" and that success is gained when one "advances confidently in the direction of his dreams". Thoreau stressed the importance of the individual, saying "If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears

Chinese Cinema and the American Counterpart essays

Chinese Cinema and the American Counterpart essays One large difference between Chinese and American cinema is the governments' involvement with the production and releasing of a film. Generally speaking, the Chinese directors that choose to touch on sensitive subjects execute their scripts so sincerely that the government feels the need to interfere and come between the filmmaker and the audience. The films become more serious because of this censorship since they are dealing with real life issues. Conversely, in America, filmmakers tend to either poke fun at the lives of Americans or portray their leaders as noble and courageous as a form of silly propaganda. When Deng Xiaoping took over after the death of Mao Zedong, he set in motion the reopening of the Beijing Film Academy. The three top students, Chen Kaige, Zhang Yimou and Tian Zhuangzhuang, would go on to create the next wave of controversial Chinese films. Yellow Earth, directed by Chen Kaige and shot by Zhang Yimou, was one of the first movies created by this young group of filmmakers, known as the Fifth Generation. It was banned due to its portrayal of 1930's China. The movie touches on old traditions versus the new customs. Brother Gu is a soldier, sent to collect old folk songs to bring back to the troops. Giving the old bitter songs new words to sing is a metaphor for the changing of the role of women in China. Brother Gu explains to Cuiqiao how the women are allowed in combat, allowed to cut their hair, allowed to chose their husbands and generally lead less strict lives than the northern women. Brother Gu is a form of hope for Cuiqiao, as well as Hanhan. Their fa ther, elderly and old-fashioned, appreciates him in their home for his efforts, but not in the same manner as the children do. The children will live and not much will change; they will follow their ancestors' footsteps, continuing the work they have carried out their entire lives. The father says that when a boy marries, it is happiness, b...

Qualitative Interface Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Qualitative Interface Evaluation - Essay Example Since this task is important in software development, experts have agreed on eight most basic characters of a good user interface. While evaluating the interfaces in this paper it will be important to look at these characteristics because they will be the basis of over evaluation. The techniques for interface evaluation among other parameters will be looking at these characteristics. They include: 1. Clear The main aim of any interface to enable users access information and complete their tasks with a lot of ease. Have a clear interface where icons and the menus are well placed and have a clear meaning is important for a successful interface. Users should not be frustrated by the symbols or icons on the interface, one should provide a pop-up message with details of the function of that interface this makes it more clear. While pointing at that icon you may not know the function of it but a pop up message appears which explains the function. 2. Concise This means straight to the point users do not want a lot of details in the interface. While making the interface clear one should not be trapped into adding a lot of information to overload the interface. The icons or details should be short to the point. The volume icon has a scale and icons which shows the high and low volume level. Although it is not easy to keep things, clear and concise developers should strive to achieve this. Sources( http://www.usabilitypost.com) 3. Familiar A good interface is one that a new user can easily learn and be able to use from the previous interfaces. While developers strive for uniqueness in their interface one thing should be clear, the interface should be familiar to the users for them to have interest to learn and use them effectively. Naturally, users do not like new things, different environment which they will struggle to adapt. Things that are familiar or terms which one uses should be familiar to the users of the system. A system that uses icons should be keen on the ty pe of the icons they use because the context of the system is very important. The screen shot below shows the user that he/she does not need to learn more about the interface because these are the tasks that they want to accomplish using this application hence easy to use. Sources ( http://www.usabilitypost.com) 4. Responsive This means that the system interface should be fast, users like an interface that enables them to accomplish tasks within a short period. It is frustrating for users to wait longer as their requests are being loaded slowly. The user should also have feedback from the system such as the percentage of work done by the system, remaining time and completion status either failed or successful. When the program is loading for instance, a progressing bar or a spinning wheel indicates the task status. The program below shows the time elapsed, time remaining and the percentage of the task done. 5. Consistent Users will learn and advance well in their interface usage if the design system is consistent. Having a system with different interfaces for each version of the program disorients the users. The placement of the Icons, tabs and other items on the interface must be consistent. For instance Microsoft interface are consistent for its application package which enables users to easily adapt from one application to another. 6. Attractive Making an interface attractive is important because users will enjoy performing their tasks with it and probably look forward to using the

Asperger's Syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Journal 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

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Modern Retail On Traditional Formats Scm Applications Marketing Essay

Modern Retail On Traditional Formats Scm Applications Marketing Essay Indian retail industry has always played an important role in improving the GDP growth rate and lifestyle of the country. The industry which traditionally comprised on mom and pop stores spread hither and thither is in the revolutionary phase in the present era. The way retailing is done has come a long way with the emergence of organised or modern retail outlets. There are big players like Big Bazaar, Spencers and Vishal Mega Mart to name a few who have changed the face of retailing in India. These modern retail outlets have enormous financial and technological support as compared to the traditional and unorganised retail outlets. An attempt is made in this paper to study the evolving formats of modern retail and to know their impact on the traditional distribution partners like retailers and distributors. This paper also throws light on the supply chain management tools used by the modern retail outlets through case analysis. Impact of Modern Retail on Traditional Formats SCM Applications Abstract Indian retail industry has always played an important role in improving the GDP growth rate and lifestyle of the country. The industry which traditionally comprised on mom and pop stores spread hither and thither is in the revolutionary phase in the present era. The way retailing is done has come a long way with the emergence of organised or modern retail outlets. There are big players like Big Bazaar, Spencers and Vishal Mega Mart to name a few who have changed the face of retailing in India. These modern retail outlets have enormous financial and technological support as compared to the traditional and unorganised retail outlets. An attempt is made in this paper to study the evolving formats of modern retail and to know their impact on the traditional distribution partners like retailers and distributors. This paper also throws light on the supply chain management tools used by the modern retail outlets through case analysis. Introduction to Indian Retail Industry Indian Retail industry, the industry which stands second in terms of employment generation after agriculture is undoubtedly characterized by the widely dispersed retail outlet situated at each nook and corner whether its urban India or rural. It is the industry which is unlikely known for its unorganized formats. Paanwalas and kiranawallas, street hawkers present everywhere are the various firms operating hither and thither; and meeting the basic needs of the general public and creating a means of earning livelihood for many. In India, the retail industry is broadly divided into the organized and unorganized sectors. The total market in 2005 stood at Rs. 10,000 billion, accounting for about 9-10% of the countrys gross domestic product (GDP). Of this total market, the organized sector accounted for Rs. 350 billion (about 3.5 % of the total) of the total revenues. According to AT Kearney, the organized retailing industry is expected to cross Rs. 1000 billion revenue mark by 2010. Tradi tionally, the retail industry in India comprised of large, medium and small grocery stores and drug stores which could be categorized as unorganized retailing. Most of the organized retailing in India had recently started and was mainly concentrated in metropolitan cities. Within a short span of five years retail sector in India has witnessed great changes mainly on account of a gradual increase in the disposable incomes of the middle and upper-middle class households. In order to reap the benefit of growing economy more and more corporate houses including large real estate companies are coming into the retail business, directly or indirectly, in the form of mall and shopping center builders and managers, hence the sea change in retail sector is highly evident. Indian Organized retail Sector and the Major Players: The Industrial Policy Resolution, 1991 has given a new tool known as LPG i.e. Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization which resulted in several structural and demographic changes of the Indian Economy. These changes marked the beginning of the new era of Retailing in India and helped the retail industry to grow. Besides this last decade has witnessed the growth of GDP at the rate of 6.6 per cent, resulting in increased income levels and higher purchasing power for the population. Though the early signs of organized retail were visible even in the 1970s when Nilgiris (food), Viveks (consumer durables) and Nallis (sarees) started their operations but the retail still had a long way to go. While these retailers gave the necessary ambience to customers, little effort was made to introduce world-class customer care practices and improve operating efficiencies. Moreover, most of these modern developments were restricted to south India, which is still regarded as a Mecca of Indian Retail. Turn around in Indian retail has taken place in various phases and the journey is still in continuation. Notable among the early entrants were players like Shoppers Stop, Pantaloon, Ebony, Foodworld, Subhiksha, etc.   Thus one can easily make out that the major players of organized retail sector in India are: Figure 1 The Study Research Problem: The aim of this paper is to study the emergence of modern retail and its impact on traditional channel partners like retailer and distributors. The research problem can be formulated in terms of following questions: What are new retail formats? What supply chain management tools are employed by modern retail? What impact these outlets will have on retailers and distributors? The provide answers to these questions, the objectives of the study are: To study the emerging retail formats To study the impact of modern retail outlets on the traditional distribution system To study the variety of SCM tools employed by the modern retail formats To analyze the role of SCM application in modern retails formats Research Methodology: To gather the required information for this study, both secondary and primary source of data was used. Active primary data was collected from the retailers and distributors in both the cities through structured personal interviews. The information other than this was collected through traditional secondary sources like journals, news articles, websites and books. The scope of the study is limited to the two cities Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi, India. These cities differ in terms of their population, demographics, size and volume of business and the marketing strategies used by the non-durable and durable goods manufactures in two different cities. Further they are un-researched in this aspect. Sample profile of respondents: The data was collected from the various types of retail formats dealing in consumer non-durable and durable goods like tooth paste, soap, chocolates, cold drinks, refrigerators, mobile phones and televisions. The inclusion criterion was the availability of the products chosen for the study. Following tables describe the sample profile: Sample of Dealers/Retailers Sample Descriptors Profile of Durable Goods Dealers Profile of Non-Durable Goods Retailers Sample Size (N) 50 Retailers/Dealers 50 Retailers Area Moradabad and Delhi Moradabad and Delhi Retail Format Multi Brand Outlets, Exclusive and Dealers cum distributors General Store / Provisional store Confectionary Store, Supermarket, and Departmental Store Inclusion Criteria Availability of Products Availability of Products Table 1.1 Sample of Distributors Sample Descriptors Profile of Distributors Profile of Distributors Sample Size (N) 30 Distributors 15 Distributors Area Moradabad and Delhi Moradabad and Delhi Brands HUL-5, Godrej-3, Cadbury-4, Pepsi-4, Coke-4, ITC-5, Pillsbury-3, Nestle-2 Sony-1, LG-2, Samsung-2, Nokia-2, Motorola-2, Neelkamal-2, Supreme-2 and Whirlpool-2 Inclusion Criteria Availability of Products Availability of Products Table 1.2 Emerging Retail Formats in India India is watching resurgence of Retail sector whereby it has grown from the traditional Mom and Pop stores present here and there in the neighbourhood catering to the convenience of the consumers to the emergence of shopping centers mainly in urban centers with facilities like car parking and finally growth of modern retail formats like hyper and super markets trying to provide customer with 3 Vs- Value, Variety and Volume (Lakshmi Narayanaswamy, Mudit Sharma,). A brief description of the various modern formats of retailing emerging in India: i. Malls: Malls are an upcoming trend in retail market. They form largest share of organized retailing today. Located mainly in metro cities, in proximity to urban outskirts. Ranges from 60,000 sq ft to 7,00,000 sq ft and above. They lend an ideal shopping experience with an amalgamation of product, service and entertainment; all under a common roof. Examples include DLF City Center, The Metropolitan and Big Bazaar around Delhi, Crossroads and R-Mall in Mumbai and Spencers in Chennai are revolutionizing the way middle class Indian consumers shop. These malls have very efficient and effective supply chains which ensure product availability and tracking of the product is feasible easily. ii. Specialty Stores: A specialty store concentrates on a limited number of complementary merchandise categories and provides a high level of service in an area typically under 8,000 square feet (Levy, Michael 2006); Chains such as the Bangalore based Kids Kemp, the Mumbai books retailer Crossword, RPGs Music World and the Times Groups music chain Planet M, are focusing on specific market segments and have established themselves strongly in their sectors. Since this format has less diverse product range thus it is comparatively easy to manage supply chains. iii. Discount Stores: According to Levy and Weitz a Discount Store is a retailer that offers a broad variety of merchandise, limited service, and low prices. Discount stores offer both private labels and national brands, but these brands are typically less fashion-oriented than brands in department stores. The discount stores or factory outlets, offer discounts on the MRP through selling in bulk reaching economies of scale or excess stock left over at the season. The product category can range from a variety of perishable/ non perishable goods. The coverage of products in this kind of format is quite extensive and the demand fluctuation is also high thus if offers challenges in managing supply chains effectively. iv. Department Stores: Levy and Weitz defines Department stores as the retailers that carry a broad variety and deep assortment, offer some customer services, and are organized into separate departments for displaying merchandise. These are the large stores ranging from 20000-50000 sq. ft, catering to a variety of consumer needs. They can be further classified into localized departments such as clothing, toys, home, groceries, etc. Departmental Stores are expected to take over the apparel business from exclusive brand showrooms. Among these, the biggest success is K Rahejas Shoppers Stop, which started in Mumbai and now has more than seven large stores (over 30,000 sq. ft) across India and even has its own in store brand for clothes called Stop!. It is one of the most complicated retail formats catering to the most diversified set of consumer needs. It becomes very difficult to manage the inventory of so many products and brands. v. Supermarkets: As defined by Food Marketing Institute Supermarket is self-service food store with grocery, meat and produce department and minimum annual sales of 2 million. In India, there is growing number of such stores especially in metros and big cities (Anjali, Gupta 2006). These are located in or near residential high streets. These stores today contribute to 30% of all food grocery organized retail sales. Super Markets can further be classified in to mini supermarkets typically 1,000 sq ft to 2,000 sq ft and large supermarkets ranging from of 3,500 sq ft to 5,000 sq ft. having a strong focus on food grocery and personal sales. vi. Hyper Market: Combination food and drug stores average 4,600 square meters of selling space. Hyper markets are even larger, ranging between 7,400 and 20,400 square meters. The Hyper markets combines supermarket, discount and warehouse retailing principles. Its product assortment goes beyond routinely purchased goods and includes furniture, large and small appliances, clothing and many items. The basic approach is bulk display and minimum handling by stores personnel, with discounts offered to customers who are willing to carry heavy appliances and furniture out of the stores. Pantaloon Retail India Ltd. (PRIL) is now emerging as Indias first Hyper Market chain. Modeled along the lines of global Hyper Market Chains like Wal-Mart, the Big Bazaar will stock several product categories. vii. Convenience Stores: These are relatively small stores 400-2,000 sq. feet located near residential areas. They stock a limited range of high-turnover convenience products and are usually open for extended periods during the day, seven days a week. Prices are slightly higher due to the convenience premium. viii. MBOs: Multi Brand outlets, also known as Category Killers, offer several brands across a single product category. These usually do well in busy market places and Metros. Supply Chain Management Tools Employed by Modern Retail Formats: The rate at which transformation is taking place in Indian Retail Sector is unprecedented; the entire retail sector is under going sea changes. The organized retail sector is no doubt having a vast ocean of opportunities in front of it but it possesses certain challenges too. The task of an effective and efficient retailer is to satisfy the customer at the right time with the right product at the right cost, all the time. The challenges that a retail organization faces are many like: huge stock-keeping units (SKUs), seasonal variations of product lines necessitating the introduction of new SKUs, complex tax structures, the sheer geographic spread of the country, changing consumer demands, etc. This level of efficiency calls for retail automation and integrated supply chain management on the part of retailer and a retail organization has to plan to make this system work properly and try to satisfy the needs of every customer without fail. The discovery of automatic identification technologies has been a boon to retailing; they were first introduced globally in the 1960s to assist logisticians identify products in the supply chain. Following are the recent developments in the technologies to trace the goods in the supply chain: i. Barcodes Multi-dimensional barcodes: Corporations have become obsessed with driving down logistics-related costs, including transportation and warehousing. In order to facilitate the movement of goods in transit and to reduce the cost of transportation and to ease the process all most all items in a distribution centre are marked with UPC barcode. In fact, Walmarts buying office has a sign reading, If Your Product Doesnt Have a Barcode, Dont Bother to Take a Chair in Our Waiting Room. Even in India the Retailers in organized sector are beginning to barcode all their products; organizations like Foodworld (RPG Group) and Shoppers Stop (Raheja Group) have urged their vendors to supply merchandise only with standard barcodes. ii. RFID: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an early technology starting to emerge. In order to stop the pilferage of goods in over crowded retail stores this technology plays a great role. It is expected that in coming few decades, RFID will directly connect physical products to logistics systems as the only truly automatic identification technology. This technology helps to track the product and customers use pattern even post-purchase. P G currently tags (RFID) a small number of cases and pallets of products as part of a trial with Wal-Mart stores in USA. The company is focusing on the supply chain and has not even begun to think about whats going to happen to the items post-sale. iii. Retail Software: Most retailers in the organized sector in India have to use retail software in their back end and front end operations and are constantly looking to upgrade their systems as they evolve. To help this growing retail sector get the best, many Indian software companies have developed software packages to suit the different and varied requirements of these retailers. Among the few who are in. the market is Chennai-based Polaris Retail InfoTech Ltd, a subsidiary of Polaris, which has entered the market with its software, Retail Excel. Reputed organizations like Wipro Infotech, Tata Consultancy Services and NCR Technologies have created robust, retail automation software. The Chennai-based T.V. Sundaram Iyengar Sons are currently test-marketing their new point-of-sale system for small and medium retailers in grocery and other related segments. The Bangalore ­ based VMoksha Technologies has developed software for the retail segment while Pune-based Zensar Technologies has tied up with th e RPG group for retail software. The list of that developing retail software is growing by the day. There are many other packages like MS Retail, Shopper, Retail Pro, Retail Magik, etc. that help enable the fast implementation of retail automation in India available in the market. Not to mention large ERP packages like IDA, SAP Retail, BAAN, Island Pacific, etc. Analysis and Findings Impact of Modern Retail Outlets on Traditional Distribution System: The number of modern retail outlets is growing day by day. The customers show shopping preference for these outlets but the extent to which they will influence the traditional retail is uncertain. There are certain categories of products which customers prefer to shop from the modern retail outlets. While the customers still prefer neighbourhood retail stores for their daily groceries and requirements. The analysis of the data collected from traditional channel partners is: The data was collected by the traditional retailers dealing in non-durable products in Delhi and Moradabad to know the impact of modern retail on their business. It was observed that in Moradabad 70% of the retailers feel that the impact of modern retail formats will be important and they too need to work on their formats to meet the customer and companies requirement. Other 20% said it is going to have average influence on their business and it can be cope-up whereas 10% retailers were of the view that it will not have influence on their business. They also opined that they are in operation from last so many years and facilities like home delivery and credit which they provide to their customers are not provided by these new formats. While retailers in Delhi were of different opinion, 15% retailers pointed out that modern format have already influenced their business highly and their sales have decreased by 50% and other 40% said that the influence is important on their business and they need to react accordingly. Around 40% retailers said that it is having average influence whereas 5% retailers located in the residential areas said that the influence of the modern formats is unimportant for their business. Figure 2 The data collected from the durable products dealers also reveals the mixed response towards the growth of modern retail outlet. In Moradabad 70% of the dealers said the impact of modern retail will be important and they too need to work on their formats to meet the customers expectations and companies requirements. Other 30% retailers were of the view that the facilities like home delivery and credit which they provide to their customers will help in marginalizing the impact of new formats. While dealers in Delhi were of different opinion, 15% dealers pointed out that modern format have already influenced their business highly and their sales have decreased by 50%. Other 40% said that the influence is important on their business and they need to react accordingly whereas 5% retailers located in the residential areas said that the influence of the modern formats is insignificant on their business. Impact of Modern Retail on Traditional Retail Outlets 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Highly Important Important Average Unimportant Importance Percentage Moradabad Delhi Figure 3 Apart from retailers, modern retail outlets also have influence on the distributors. It was observed from the data collected by the non-durable distributors that 70% distributors of different non-durable brands under consideration said that the impact of the modern retail formats on their business is going to be moderate as they are the one who supply to these formats. But other 20% said that the big modern retail outlets make purchases directly from the companies thus their will be significant impact. While other 10% feels that the impact is going to be high. Figure 4 Majority of the distributors dealing in consumer durables like Mobile Phones said that the impact of modern retail is going to be high because outlets like Big Bazaar, Subhiksha have already started procuring directly from the companies and they pass on the margins to the customers. While for products like CTVS, refrigerators and moulded furniture the impact is going to be moderate and distributors can provide better geographical coverage and inventory turnover. They also shared that may be in near future, the companies seeking advantage of reducing the distribution margin through direct supply to these outlets can lead to have moderate impact on their business. Impact of Modern Retail on Durable Goods Distributors 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Very High High Moderate Low Very Low Degree/Products Responses Mobiles T.V./Refrigerators Moulded Furniture Figure 5 Case-Study Analysis of SCM Applications in Modern Retail- (a) TANISHQ Tanishq is a division of Titan Industries Ltd, Indias largest jewelry maker. It is Indias only fine jewellery brand with a national presence, and an acknowledged leader in the branded jewellery market. Tanishq is sold exclusively through a company-controlled retail chain with over 60 boutique stores spread over 39 cities. This network is supplied and supported by a network of 32 CFAs (Clearing and Forwarding Agents). With the network of boutique stores poised to grow, the Tanishq management had to increase visibility along the supply chain, CFAs and boutiques across the country. The Tanishq team picked Wipro Infotech, Indias premier IT solutions company, to put together the solution. The Wipro Infotech team designed a web-based solution, Goldmine, to facilitate the flow of information between various distribution entities. Goldmine offers a platform for the sales, management and factory teams of Tanishq to monitor key activities and parameters along the distribution chain. It also se rves as an integration platform to pull together existing information systems in the company such as SAP/Oracle, DOS-based point-of-sales systems in boutiques, without modifications. Wipro Infotech developed the solution using the .NET framework with an ASP .NET presentation layer. Challenges addressed: The most significant supply chain management issues addressed by Tanishq are in the areas of reducing cycle time, increasing efficiencies and reducing costs in the areas of tracking movement of goods and sales indenting, order status, sales visibility, communication (reports) and exception reporting. Goods in transit: The new system provides details of goods that have been dispatched from the factory to the CFA and then to the boutiques. This functionality also enables tracking of stock return cases from the boutiques to the CFA. And from there on to the factory. This helps the organization track goods in transit and monitor loss of goods effectively if any. Indenting: The ordering of goods by the boutiques is automated. They can refer to online product catalogues and price lists before placing orders. Goldmine enables online indenting for replenishment, shop-specific indenting as well as customer-specific indenting. Such online indenting is based on norms set by the administrator for each variant. Hence, the company can enforce prudent credit norms through Goldmine at the point ­ of-sale system. Say a boutique has a great track record, selling Rs 20,000 ­25,000 worth of bangles, but not up to the Rs 50,000 level it had reached in the past, the company can set prudent indenting levels for gold for that boutique. This information is transmitted to the point-of-sale system via Goldmine and is actually enforced. Previously, under the manual system, the company had no means of systematic enforcement of such norms. . Order status: This functionality provides visibility on the status of orders placed by boutiques. This is made possible by the daily synchronization between the Oracle system at the factory and the web-based solution. Boutique users no longer have to send emails or call up anyone to find out the status of their orders. They get it at their own convenience from Goldmine. Sales visibility: With sales information flowing in from the boutique into Goldmine, visibility of sales from each boutique is improved. Management can now track the effectiveness of marketing programmes and promotions at the boutique level, according to category and price band. Bestseller information for all boutiques is currently available on demand. Communication and exception reporting: Goldmine provides a platform for dissemination of information through content uploads, bulletin boards, and so on. Information on local gold rates (the most important component of material cost), market information, promotion scheme details and product catalogues are transmitted in real time. The company has over 40,000 product variants, so this system capability is crucial. The system also provides for discussion on queries raised by users at the boutiques for producing and modifying new and existing products. Discussions between factory users and boutique users are tracked and an escalation mechanism with alerts is in place in case queries are not handled promptly. Future plans: As Goldmine builds up the supply chain database, Tanishq intends to build a data warehousing application enabled with advanced data mining using SQL server. This will facilitate the use of relevant business intelligence in real time in the boutiques during a customer touch. Market leader Tanishq will set its benchmarks in retail automation and its applications for many in the industry to follow in future. (b) SHOPPERS STOP Shoppers Stop has implemented the US-based retail ERP system JDA. JDA facilitates the integration of all retail functions in Shoppers Stop efficiently. Efficiencies in the buying process: It is JDAs merchandise management system that now performs the buying process and merchandise management control practices. Pursuant to range width and assortment plans, purchase orders are issued to suppliers through the central merchandising function. The actual delivery of stocks is then controlled on a weekly basis through the delivery authorization process mechanism. The delivery authorization number acts as a tool to control the overall inventory position. The delivery authorization is issued to vendors on a weekly basis based on the previous weeks actual sales and on the forward sales plan (forecast). The vendors then despatch the goods to the distribution centre based on the purchase order and delivery authorization. Every distribution centre gets a copy of the delivery authorization issued for the week. At the distribution centre support is provided by the warehouse management system (WMS) of JDA, which manages the warehousing function mos t efficiently. The challenges at Shoppers Stop are the spread of the 14 stores across the country in varying large sizes, ranging from 25,000 sq ft to 55,000 sq ft, the large SKU base, etc. Also, it has more than 300 suppliers who supply stocks to three distribution centres, which then redistribute merchandise to the 14 stores. Variety, colour and size of merchandise play a very important role in delivering a great shopping experience to the customer. Profitable growth: Shoppers Stop views SCM as an enabler of profitable growth; it firmly believes that ERP, if used well, can cut costs greatly by reducing cycle times and inventory levels. One of the key drivers of the profit-driven operation is the significant development in the retailer-supplier information integration in the supply chain the emergence of retailer control over the movement of suppliers goods into the retailers distribution centres. This has led to more complex relationships involving suppliers, third-party distributors and retailers through supplier-retailer collaboration where major suppliers and retailers have the opportunity to exchange timely information on consumer demand and put into practice the most appropriate product flows. SCM at Shoppers Stop: SCM at Shoppers Stop coordinates and integrates all activities associated with moving products, services and information into seamless processes linking all the partners in the chain, including the various departments, vendors, transporters and other service providers. The system facilitates perfect supply chain coordination with an able information system that controls all SCM activities. SCM at Shoppers Stop begins and ends with the customer. The guiding philosophy is to improve the organizations performance by managing constraints and uncertainties inherent in the earlier system. The focus is on using new tools and techniques. The first step in SCM is merchandise planning and sourcing. In Shoppers Stop, SCM is seen from a strategic perspective rather than just as an operational issue. Core supply chain issues such as month-end sales peaks, forecasting inaccuracy, constraint-based planning and so on continue to create problems for Indian retailers even after ERP implementation. Many organizations implemented SCM as a tool to contain costs. and identifying means for reducing pressure on margins due to competition. The mindsets of organizations underwent a transformation when they accepted to consider the use of such integrated SCM from end-to ­ end. The first step in SCM is merchandise planning and sourcing. The range width and assortment planning process is used to develop meaningful sales and space plans. The planning process starts six months before the actual beginning of the season to fill an agreed amount of footage with a product that matches customer demand. The challenge is to develop a balanced range which provides the appropriate mix of colour, price, st yling and fabric so that the customer is given the best possible choice at all times. Also on the agenda is having a mix of own-label products and brands in such a way that it aligns with the companys strategic goal of increasing own-la

Qatar

Known as the State of Qatar or locally Dawlat Qa?ar, is an Arab emirate, in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf. A strait of the Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island state of Bahrain. Qatar has been ruled as an absolute monarchy by the al-Thani family since the mid-19th century. Formerly a British protectorate noted mainly for pearling, it became independent in 1971, and has become one of the region's wealthiest states due to its enormous oil and natural gas revenues. In 1995, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani became Emir when he seized power from his father, Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, in a peaceful coup d'etat. [7] The most important positions in Qatar are held by the members of the al-Thani family, or close confidants of the al- Thani family. Beginning in 1992, Qatar has built intimate military ties with the United States, and is now the location of U. S. Central Command’s Forward Headquarters and the Combined Air Operations Center. Qatar has the world's largest per capita production and proven reserves of both oil and natural gas. In 2010, Qatar had the world's highest GDP per capita, while the economy grew by 19. 40%, the fastest in the world. The main drivers for this rapid growth are attributed to ongoing increases in production and exports of liquefied natural gas, oil, petrochemicals and related industries. Qatar has the highest human development in the Arab World after the United Arab Emirates. In 2009, Qatar was the United States’ fifth largest export market in the Middle East, trailing behind the U. A. E. , Israel, Saudi Arabia and Egypt. With a small citizen population of less than 300,000 people, Qatar relies heavily on foreign citizens, both for its protection and generating labor demand. Qatar has attracted an estimated $100 billion in investment, with approximately $60–70 billion coming from the U. S in the energy sector. It is estimated that Qatar will invest over $120 billion in the energy sector in the next ten years

From Julius Caesar to Hamlet Essay

The comparison between Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar and Hamlet in terms of how implied, or latent elements and themes in one were transmitted and developed in the other can lead to unveiling the transformations Shakespeare was envisaging with the writing of Hamlet. In the Introduction to the 1987 Oxford University Press edition of Hamlet, G. R. Hibbard stated that â€Å"Hamlet was written after, but not long after, Julius Caesar, which can be dated with unusual accuracy as having been compose in the late summer of 1599† (4). From the arguments that Hibbard gives to support his argument (that there are two allusions in the text of Hamlet to Julius Caesar) we can see the strong connections between the two plays. In a way, both Julius Caesar and Hamlet represent thresholds in the development of Shakespeare’s dramatic art.   However, Hamlet moves in a different direction.   If Julius Caesar is set in a distant past and can only hint to the humanist themes in Shakespeare’s world, Hamlet shifts the tone of Shakespeare’s plays to a more private and Elizabethan center of interest. This paper argues that the themes and motifs that were merely suggested or hinted to or implied in Julius Caesar and which were elaborately developed in Hamlet   are significant in determining the specificity of Shakespeare’s later historical tragedies. The analysis of devices, motifs and themes in the two plays will illustrate this argument. The device of foregrounding is employed in Julius Caesar in the first act as a warning sign to Caesar from the Soothsayer. It is a clear and unmistakable omen of Julius Caesar’s death, especially given the drama’s historical grounding. This device is used in this play only to trigger the conflict – the death of Caesar will generate the actual drama. Because of its lack of ambiguity and its limited dramatic span, the foreshadowing in Julius Caesar does not have the same impact as it does in Hamlet. In Hamlet, the device of foreshadowing becomes a trigger for the play’s resolution and also represents the dramatic subtext which drives the whole chain of events towards the tragic end.   In Act 1 Scene 1, we witness the apparition of the ghost of Hamlet’s father. This episode is marked by the use of special imagery and allusions. Horatio gives the decisive argument in identifying the ghost with tthe murdered king. The ghost figure is clearly employed in this first act as a means of   foreshadow ing not only the conflict of the story but also its resolution: â€Å"This bodes some strange eruption to our state† (The Tragedy of Hamlet 148). The image of Fortinbras is another ominous motif by which Shakespear alludes to the later developments in the play. Moreover, the reader is given a preliminary explanation of the Medieval code of honor, by which the king’s son has to avenge his father’s death. The story of Fortinbras and his father parallels and motivates the complex relationship between Hamlet and his own father. Duty is presented as a crucial motivation, which determines the hero’s actions and even consciousness. Another element which is only suggested in Julius Caesar is the characters’ ambivalence – no character is essentially â€Å"evil† or â€Å"bad†. Brutus, before deciding to join the conspirators, condemns this act: They are the faction. O conspiracy Shamest thou to show thy dangerous brow by night, When evils are most free? O, then by day Where wilt thou find a cavern dark enough/ To mask thy monstrous visage? Seek none, conspiracy;† (Julius Caesar, Act 2 Scene 1). Brutus is therefore shown to have a moral conscience, a conscience dramatically and fatally opposing his actions. The paradox of a noble man’s evil actions might find its explanation through an analysis of Hamlet’s soliloquy at the end of the first act. Hamlet’s soliloquy and corruption in the forth scene points to a specific image idea Shakespeare had about the human mind and behavior: it appears that the seeds of evil can be ingrained in the most noble of spirits or, conversely, that goodness can be the host of evil. This feature is presented in fatalistic and deterministic terms and becomes another motivation for the tragic resolution: So, oft it chances in particular men That for some vicious mole of nature in them As, in their birth – wherein they are not guilty [†¦] Oft breaking down the pales and forts of reason Or by some habit that too much o’er-leavens [†¦] Shall in the general censure take corruption From that particular fault (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 181) The chain of events leading to the fatal ending is thus linked to the dictum of â€Å"blind fate†. By foregrounding the ambivalence of human nature, Shakespeare gives a more complex perspective on his characters’ motivational resorts and transcends the limitations of a completely â€Å"good† or a completely â€Å"evil† model. In another scene, the King admits to his having murdered Hamlet’s father. He is presented as having pangs of guilt – â€Å"May one be pardoned and retain th’offence?† (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 273): O, my offence is rank, it smells to heaven. It has the primal eldest curse upon’t – A brother’s murder. Pray can I not. (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 272). Cluadius’ questions show the character in a new, humanizing light, which eliminates the image of the stereotyped villain. Many of the elements that are only latent, or implied, in Julius Caesar, are to be fully found in Hamlet’s soliloquies. The motif of Brutus’ suicide, for instance, which is not fully developed in the play, becomes one of the themes of reflection in Hamlet’s soliloquies. Hamlet’s considerations on suicide, on the other hand, elaborate much on this theme. There are several acceptions which are discussed in the protagonist’s soliloquies and they are testimony to Shakespeare’s insight of the human mind: For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, [†¦] To grunt and sweat under a weary life, But that the dread of something after death, The undiscovered country, from whose bourn No traveler returns, puzzles the will. (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 240-241) Moreover, in another passage, Hamlet gives another interpretation of his own reluctance to commit suicide, which is presented in light of the protagonist’s fear of God and social status: The oppressor’s wrong, the proud man’s contumely, The pangs of disprized love, the law’s delay, The insolence of office, and the spurns That patient merit of the unworthy takes,† (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 240). Closely linked to this theme, there is the notion of the vanity of existence which is only implied in Julius Caesar through the foregrounding of the emperors’ rise and fall and in the parallels drawn in this respect among Julius Caesar, Mark Anthony and Brutus. However, this theme is not fully problematized in the play – probably because it does not come in agreement with the historical and philosophical repertoire of Ancient Rome. In Hamlet, however, this theme becomes predominant and one of the character’s privileged objects of reflection. The â€Å"What is a man† soliloquy hints to the vanitas vanitatum of Renaissance and humanist philosophy of the finitude of man and of the ultimate insignificance of all earthly possessions. Moreover, Hamlet’s soliloquy incorporates another one of the humanist concerns, which was that of the perfectibility of man’s spirit and destiny through God-given language and thought: What is a man If his chief good and market of his time Be but to sleep and feed? A beast, no more (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 298).   To conclude, this paper has illustrated the ways in which themes and motifs which were latent in Julius Caesar are given prominence in Hamlet, especially through the protagonist’s soliloquies. In a way, it is the very shift from the predominance of the oratorical speech and its dialogic character in Julius Caesar to the primacy of the soliloquy and its monological quality in Hamlet that provides the key for understanding the reasons behind the amplification of devices and themes from one play to the other. With Hamlet, Shakespeare’s historical tragedies become more intimate and, at the same time, more openly philosophical and universal.

Tibor Kalman essays

Tibor Kalman essays Tibor Kalman was born in 1949 in Budapest. At the age of eight his family moved to Poughkeepsie, N.Y. where Kalman was ridiculed for being an outsider and not knowing the English language (Haber). It was evident from the very beginning that Kalman would not fit in with all the other kids- he was different, not only in his life but in his design work as well. Kalman is best known for his design work with his New York based design firm Mthe title is there for the sake of a title. His jobs included everything and were always changing. In 1991 he closed M Long before Kalman, Colors had already been established as a magazine that dealt with controversy, and with specific issues such as sexuality, race, aids, and human rights. Kalman, as an edition to Colors, only enhanced what the magazine was already doing. Kalman brought a multi-lingual magazine that would be accessible to everyone, everywhere. Colors was not about marketing to specific classes or ethnic groups. Whoever could see one of the many intense pictures or read one of the many was thus able to appreciate the magazine. Kalman used pictures to dominate over text (Haber). With the images being the main focus of the magazines the feelings and thoughts that they conveyed were far more dramatic than that of the text. Not to rule out the importance of the ext by any means, but text requires time; it requires thought and knowledge, while images are instantaneous. The impact of the image stares right into the eyes of the reader- it leaves a lasting impression and gives a dist inct portrayal of what the designer is trying to convey while at the same time allows the mind ...

Free Essays on Bare Bodies

Bare Bodies Victoria’s Secret is an easily recognized brand. I chose to write on a Victoria’s Secret ad featuring their new line called, â€Å"Body Bare†. The ad shows a delicate, skinny, model, with her back slightly arched, gazing into the distance. Her shiny, bronze skin greatens her sensuality and specialized prowess. The dim lighting implies mystery and seduction. This ad exudes an image of pampering and sexiness. It doesn’t depict comfort, but a glamorous model in seductive attire. Lingerie advertisements are designed for women ages 15-30, who are the most likely to wear what is advertised. These are the people who read the fashion magazines in which Victoria’s Secret ads appear. Advertisers are trying to reach the group that is most image conscious. The people behind this ad and others like it have failed to grasp the female audience. This is ironic considering the fact that women are the ones that wear lingerie. Men are the target audience of ads such as this. Lingerie ads picture attractive, barley clothed women. Victoria’s Secret catalogs, runway shows, and magazine ads are all pointedly geared towards men. They specifically target men over 35. At 35 years old, most men are either married or in serious relationships. They spend money on Victoria’s Secret products for the woman in their lives. Advertisements were aired during the Super Bowl. Victoria’s Secret models were even featured in Sports Illustrated. Women are not affected by lingerie ads the way men are. In the Body Bare advertisement, the model’s matching underwear set go perfectly with her unreal eye color. The shadowing creates a slimming effect and this strikes on the nerves of female consumers. Advertisements like these embody the â€Å"perfect† woman, primarily thin, but also almost exclusively white, young, and affluent. Advertisers are not using real women to model their products. This is sending a message to average women that they are... Free Essays on Bare Bodies Free Essays on Bare Bodies Bare Bodies Victoria’s Secret is an easily recognized brand. I chose to write on a Victoria’s Secret ad featuring their new line called, â€Å"Body Bare†. The ad shows a delicate, skinny, model, with her back slightly arched, gazing into the distance. Her shiny, bronze skin greatens her sensuality and specialized prowess. The dim lighting implies mystery and seduction. This ad exudes an image of pampering and sexiness. It doesn’t depict comfort, but a glamorous model in seductive attire. Lingerie advertisements are designed for women ages 15-30, who are the most likely to wear what is advertised. These are the people who read the fashion magazines in which Victoria’s Secret ads appear. Advertisers are trying to reach the group that is most image conscious. The people behind this ad and others like it have failed to grasp the female audience. This is ironic considering the fact that women are the ones that wear lingerie. Men are the target audience of ads such as this. Lingerie ads picture attractive, barley clothed women. Victoria’s Secret catalogs, runway shows, and magazine ads are all pointedly geared towards men. They specifically target men over 35. At 35 years old, most men are either married or in serious relationships. They spend money on Victoria’s Secret products for the woman in their lives. Advertisements were aired during the Super Bowl. Victoria’s Secret models were even featured in Sports Illustrated. Women are not affected by lingerie ads the way men are. In the Body Bare advertisement, the model’s matching underwear set go perfectly with her unreal eye color. The shadowing creates a slimming effect and this strikes on the nerves of female consumers. Advertisements like these embody the â€Å"perfect† woman, primarily thin, but also almost exclusively white, young, and affluent. Advertisers are not using real women to model their products. This is sending a message to average women that they are...